The production season of the so-called octopus by Penghu people is from the 15th of the 1st Lunar month to days around Ma-Tzu’s birthday. The earliest production period of every year appears in Golden Islet, Birds Islet, and the north from Chihkan, then transfer to  Chitou, Chiangmei and Sand Bay. People use lamps and lanterns to catch octopus. They call it “illuminating octopus”.The earliest record of Penghu octopus is the simple description from Hu Chien Wei’s Penghu Note in Chin Chien lung 36. The real identity is still unknown so far. In 1996, Dr. Lu Chung Cheng initially identified that Penghu octopus is supposed to be a new species never announced before. Because of the rapid consumption of the marine resource and the rapid aggravation of the marine environment, Penghu octopus might be extinct before it is fully studied and understood. In 2002, the number of Penghu octopus is only about 2000 according to the investigation of Penghu Research Center of Marine Creatures. The decrease of numbers shows that the community is facing an extinction crisis. Though the center has started to investigate the reproduction technology of Penghu octopus, the unlimited catching will still make Penghu octopus become a historical term.